Programming

I have been creating technical articles for various languages such as C, C++, Python, etc, so scroll down to know the languages I know.     

Comparison Topics

C vs C++ (Must Read) *

Functions in C, Python, C++, and Java 

C++11 vs C++14

My Github link

C++ programming

Running a C++ code on MS Visual Studio Code

Clang compiler issues on MacOS

General

Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming

#define and print the values

#define preprocessor directive 

inline functions (Must Read) *

storage class in C/C++ (Must Read)*

main() function return type

convert an array of integers to int

Memory Management

mmap() - new/ brk() - delete (Must Read) *

Owning vs Non-owning Pointers

References & Pointers (Must Read) *

Reference to an Array 

const pointer vs pointer to const (Must Read)*

constexpr  (Must Read) * - Performance Improvement, computed compile-time

Classes & Abstract Data Structures

Why we need a Class?

Access specifiers in C++

Objects in C++

Object creation

Overriding

Abstract vs Concrete Class (Must Read) *

delete, final

Purpose of Union

Special Class Functions, Deep Copy 

Constructor vs Destructor  (Must Read) *

Virtual Destructor (Must Read *)

Constructor Initialiser List  (Must Read) *

Constructor Initialiser List for base class protected variable (Must Read) *

Copy Constructor & Copy Assignment Operator (Must Read) *

Parameterised constructor with default argument values

Range based for loop

Inheritance & Virtual Function 

Virtual Function (Must Read *)

Dynamic Type or Late Binding (Must Read *)

Inheritance

Function Overloading

static_cast vs dynamic cast

Operator Overloading & Streams 

& operator and sizeof in C++ & Sizeof in C & C++ (Must Read) *

operator precedence and associativity 

Operator Overloading (Must Read) *

stringstream

Stream states (Must Read) *

stringstream in getline() - sstream lib 

ifstream in getline() - fstream lib

getline and cin

endl vs '\n'

String & stringstream

string overview  (Must Read) *

compare in string   

string is uppercase or lowercase (Must Read) * - LAMBDA & algorithm(all_of)

Convert the string to lowercase 

Check if the string is alphanumeric

Get the word(string) from sentence(stringstream) using getline (Must Read) *

Get the word(string) from sentence(stringstream) using >> (Must Read) *

Print stringstream (Must Read) *

Generics/Templates & Exceptions

 Exception Handling (Must Read) *

Templates  (Must Read) *

Standard Template Libraries STL (Containers, Iterators, Algorithms)

Containers Memory on Heap or Stack (Must Read) *

Vectors overview

Unordered Map  (Must Read) *

Map to have Vector of strings (Must Read) *

Unordered Set  (Must Read)*

set in C++  (Must Read)* - advance C++20 

Sort the vector of class entities  (Must Read) * - operator< and tie

Sort the characters in a string(string) using sort (Must Read) *

Get a char(arr) from word(string) using c_str() (Must Read) * 

set precision and fixed in iomanip

Smart Pointers, Function Objects and Lambdas

raw pointers (Must Read) * - first two points are important

Shared_ptr (Must Read) *

Lambda, free function, member function (Must Read *)

Unique Pointer - make_unique(C++14) & unique_ptr

C++ Errors

Circular Include Problems in C++

Error-new-types-may-not-be-defined

error: 'void army::enrollment(std::string, int)' is private

error: invalid conversion from 'Army*' to 'ArmyHospital*'

Cannot convert pointer to base class

request for a member which is of non-class type

Call of overloaded function is ambiguous 

too many initialisers

error: is private

error: new types may not be defined in return type

Unit Testing

C++ Automation Testing Framework - Catch2

 C programming

General

Does an empty string ("") hold an address ?
Time (in secs/micro-secs) Calculation for the given program
sscanf  (Must Read) *
Endianness of the program  (Must Read) *
Return Value of recursion

Printing Macro Constants (#define)  (Must Read) *

Format Specifier 

Format Specifier
hh modifier
Unsigned int 

Difference between signed and unsigned  (Must Read) *

Difference between char * and int* (Must Read) *

Typecasting

void * to int *

Structures & Array 

Local Array Initialisation

Finding the middle element 
Size of an array

Anonymous Structures or Unions

Array Index as Char Array

Array hacks

Finding number of elements

Purpose of Union

C Errors 

makes pointer from integer without a cast

redeclaration of ' '

error: left-hand operand of comma expression has no effect   [-Werror=unused-value]    

undefined reference to `count'
error: 'for' loop initial declaration used outside C99 mode
error: variable-sized object may not be initialized

Linked List

Click here -> Singly Linked List
Click here -> Doubly Linked List

Tree

Click here -> BST using recursive programming (Must Read) *

Pointers and Array

Array of Integer Pointers

Array of Char Pointers

Array Index as char 

Find the occurrences of the char/int array elements

Bits & Bytes

Bit Masking & Unmasking

Header Files

Purpose of Header File (.h)
Header Guards

Algorithms

Queue 

Stack 

Sorting Methods

Insertion Sorting
Binary Search Algorithm

Quick Sorting - The effective sorting algorithm

Strings

An overview of C-string 

An overview of atoi 

Conversion of string to an integer

An overview of atol()

Can we store an integer in the char array?

strncmp problem 
memset

Write your own strtok() in C (Must Read) *

Scanning an array string without declaring its size

string reversal using a single array

Copy the array of char pointers to a simple array/buffer

String literals are NULL terminated

Converting random inputs to comprehendible strings

Converting an array of integers(int arr[]) or array of characters(char arr[]) to integer

Converting a single char to integer

Frequency of the digits in the given array

NULL Checks

Double pointer NULL check

Single Pointer NULL Check

Function

Return char* from a function - returns the passed argument

Return char* from a function - malloc

Makefile

Make file (Must Read) *

Scope of Variables

Storage class in C/C++ (Must Read) *

Static & Extern Variables (Must Read) *

C Warnings 

format ‘%X’ expects > argument of type ‘unsigned int *’, but argument 3 has type ‘unsigned > char *’

Simple Programs

Check whether given mac address is valid or not
Check whether given mac address is multi-cast mac or not
Count the numbers larger than given number in a sorted array or Quick Sort

GDB Debugging

GDB Conditional Debugging (Must Read) *

Process Hanging (Must Read) *

Algorithms

Bruteforce Algorithm                      

  Python programming

Path to become Pythonista

Expressions, Precedence & Associativity 

Overview of Python Variables

Speech Recognition Tool/Software

pyaudio module Installation

Selenium Webdriver Installation

Java programming

Spring Security Redirect based on User Role

Insights into Thymeleaf

QR Scanner in Spring using Instascan

Cannot make a static reference to non-static method

Empty parent package is not displayed

Connection to MYSQL database from Eclipse using JDBC